Observational Methods - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 304 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/10/10 Did you like this example? Prostitution has become a menace in our society. This is attributed to the level of moral decay in that we can observe in our society. Basically there are a number of ways we can adopt in terms of identifying the extent to which this problem has developed root in our area. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Observational Methods" essay for you Create order First we are going to look at a number of previous studies that have been conducted in the past on the same. In addition to that, we will move into the jails and identify the women who have been arrested on accounts of prostitution. Apart from that we will also try and inquire from the police department on the previous records of such instances where women have been charged for prostitution. With all this data in place, it is possible for us to develop and clear image of the extent of this problem in our area and come up with relevant means of handling the same. To find the current rate of prostitution in our area, we will conduct interviews on the women found on the streets in late hours. We will also conduct night patrols around areas prone to prostitution in order to get the rough estimate of women present. In our interview we will sample women aged from 20 – 40 years (Main 331). The best method of observation we are going to adopt in this case is disguised observation due to the fact that most of the women involved in prostitution would not like to be exposed.   The advantage of this method is that it allows for us to get the natural behavior of the respondents since they will not be aware of what we are doing. However, it can be quite disadvantageous as the women they will notice our present, the respondents will flee from the area leaving with nothing to work on.

Plot Summary I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings Free Essays

I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings follows Marguerite’s (called â€Å"My† or â€Å"Maya† by her brother) life from the age of three to seventeen and the struggles she faces – particularly with racism – in the Southern United States. Abandoned by their parents, Maya and her older brother Bailey are sent to live with their paternal grandmother (Momma) and crippled uncle (Uncle Willie) in Stamps, Arkansas. Maya and Bailey are haunted by their parents’ abandonment throughout the book – they travel alone and are labeled like baggage. We will write a custom essay sample on Plot Summary I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings or any similar topic only for you Order Now [20] The community of Stamps, Arkansas, is the setting for most of the book. Many of the problems Maya encounters in her childhood stem from the overt racism of her white neighbors. Although Momma is relatively wealthy because she owns the general store at the heart of Stamps’ Black community, the white children of their town hassle Maya’s family relentlessly. One of these â€Å"powhitetrash† girls, for example, reveals her pubic hair to Momma in a humiliating incident. Early in the book, Momma hides Uncle Willie in a vegetable bin to protect him from Ku Klux Klan raiders. Maya has to endure the insult of her name being changed to Mary by a racist employer. A white speaker at her eighth grade graduation ceremony disparages the Black audience by suggesting that they have limited job opportunities. A white dentist refuses to treat Maya’s rotting tooth, even when Momma reminds him that she had loaned him money during the Depression. The Black community of Stamps enjoys a moment of racial victory when they listen to the radio broadcast of Joe Louis’s championship fight, but generally they feel the heavy weight of racist oppressions. A turning point in the book occurs when Maya and Bailey’s father unexpectedly appears in Stamps. He takes the two children with him when he departs, but leaves them with their mother in St. Louis, Missouri. Eight-year-old Maya is sexually abused and raped by her mother’s boyfriend, Mr. Freeman. He is found guilty during the trial, but escapes jail time and is murdered, probably by Maya’s uncles. Maya feels guilty and withdraws from everyone but her brother. Even after returning to Stamps, Maya remains reclusive and nearly mute until she meets Mrs. Bertha Flowers, â€Å"the aristocrat of Black Stamps†,[21] who supplies her with books to encourage her love of reading. This coaxes Maya out of her shell. Later, Momma decides to send her grandchildren to their mother in San Francisco, California, to protect them from the dangers of racism in Stamps. Maya attends George Washington High School and studies dance and drama on a scholarship at the California Labor School. Before graduating, she becomes the first Black female streetcar conductor in San Francisco. While still in high school, Maya visits her father in southern California one summer, and has some experiences pivotal to her development. She drives a car for the first time when she must transport her intoxicated father home from an excursion to Mexico. She experiences homelessness for a short time after a fight with her father’s girlfriend. During Maya’s final year of high school, she worries that she might be a lesbian (which she equates with being a hermaphrodite), and initiates sexual intercourse with a teenage boy. She becomes pregnant, and on the advice of her brother, she hides from her family until her eighth month of pregnancy in order to graduate from high school. Maya gives birth at the end of the book and begins her journey to adulthood by accepting her role as mother to her newborn son. ird sings How to cite Plot Summary I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, Papers

Business Ethics Important Industries of Worldâ€Myassignmenhelp.Com

Question: Discuss About the Business Ethics Important Industries of World? Answer: Introducation The garment industry is one of the most important industries of the world, and it is the worlds biggest and oldest export sector. The garment industry is worth of $450 billion, with an employment of 25 million laborers in more than 100 countries. This industry faces many challenges of the working condition, such as, low wages, sweatshop conditions, flexible contracts etc., globally as well as locally (Reinhard et al. 2013). The foundation of this industry is the misery of the labor, exploitation of the child labor, lowest possible wages, leading to starvation and cramped workplaces. The informal workers face many difficulties such as isolation, lack of power Marketing, invisibility, since they work from their homes. Especially, in the developing countries, these informal workers have to work under strenuous circumstances at a wage, which is much less than the standard living wage (Wiego.org 2015). Other than the exploitation of cheap labor, there are other unethical practices, such a s illegal copy of designs, counterfeiting of labels and trademarks, and high mark-ups of prices. Globally the manufacturers hunt for cheaper labor, and locally, the sweatshops of the industry play the crucial role in unethical practices of the industry. The big fashion houses, which have their own local sweatshops, are Forever 21, The Gap and Wet Seal. Forever and Wet Seal have their sweatshops in downtown L.A. These shops violate the worker welfare regulations. The Gap has their sweatshops in developing countries like India. They hire mostly child labor to cut their costs. Despite being local or global, this industry violates the rules for employee protection (Fastfashion 2016). One of the major unethical concerns is the long operational hours and enforced overtime of the workers at the lowest wage possible. In this sector, the workers have normal working hours of 10 to 12 hours. But in case of any order deadline, the hours stretch to 16 to 18 hours, or sometimes more than that. In China, it has been found that, in peak time, the workers have to work non-stop for 13-14 hours, and until their arms hurt (Butollo 2015). The garment employees in Thailand sometimes work two shifts a day. The management put pressures on the workers to work overtime, without extra money and if they fail to work, they face various penalties, abuses and dismissals (Cox 2015). The corporate garment houses mostly are not concerned with the health and safety of the workers. Due to poor level of ergonomics, the workers suffer from exhaustion, eyestrain, and other injuries, and in most cases, the factory management do not help them to diagnose and treat the illnesses and in spite of that, pressurize them to work. The employees face wage cuts or get fired if they take time off for medical purposes. Other than work pressure, there are work environment pollution such as exposure to harmful chemicals, noise, heat, lack of clean amenities, which bring about health hazards for the workers. However, the companies tend to overlook these factors and force the workers to work overtime (Wiego.org 2015). It has been found, that in Bangladesh, almost 200 garment workers died and many were injured in fires during 2004 to 2006. Same thing happened in 2012 also when 112 workers were killed. The women employees also face discrimination in these factories from the management wh en they get married or become pregnant. All these are unethical practices by the garment producing company (Anisul Huq, Stevenson, and Zorzini 2014). These unethical practices have a bad effect on the culture and demographic condition of the country and on the image and reputation of the company. These practices have claimed lives of many people, which is absolutely undesirable. The companies do not help in improving the working and living conditions of the economy, rather they make it worse by raising the poverty level. References: Anisul Huq, F., Stevenson, M. and Zorzini, M., 2014. Social sustainability in developingMarketing country suppliers: An exploratory study in the ready made garments industry of Bangladesh.International Journal of Operations Production Management,34(5), pp.610-638. Butollo, F., 2015. Growing against the odds: government agency and strategic recoupling as sources of competitiveness in the garment industry of the Pearl River Delta.Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, p.rsv020. Cox, A., 2015. The pressure of wildcat strikes on the transformation of industrial relations in a developing country: The case of the garment and textile industry in Vietnam.Journal of Industrial Relations,57(2), pp.271-290. Fastfashion, 2016. Unethical Production. [online] Available at: https://fastfashion.weebly.com/unethical-production.html [Accessed 9 May 2017]. Reinhard, K., Schmidt, D., Rtzel, F. and Zentgraf, M., 2013. Working conditions in the global fashion industry. [online] The world of labour. Available at: https://laboureconomics.wordpress.com/2013/04/30/working-conditions-in-the-global-fashion-industry/ [Accessed 8 May 2017]. Wiego.org, 2015. Garment workers. [online] Wiego.org. Available at: https://www.wiego.org/informal-economy/occupational-groups/garment-workers [Accessed 8 May 2017].

Barclay Matt Barretts Journey

The Search for Their Promised Land Professor Ramos Blog

The Search for Their Promised Land When Frederick Douglass died in 1895, white social and political leaders saw that his death created a power vacuum for a black political leader in a particularly dangerous, unstable time. They would attempt, and succeed, to fill this vacuum with someone who they hoped would help to quell the racial tensions, someone who had risen from the lowliest of circumstances of his race to a place of high regard and clout, and someone who had already demonstrated his moderate, accommodationist philosophy in previous addresses: Booker T. Washington. As recounted in his autobiography, Up from Slavery, Washington spoke about his views at two significant events in the North and received a positive reception from both Northern and Southern whites, before he was asked to speak at the Atlanta Cotton States and International Exposition in fall of 1895. His controversial speech would come to be known as the Atlanta Compromise. Despite succeeding at bringing together both black and white interests in the South, it would also serve to ingratiate the Negro race to white America and would be partially responsible for slowing social and political progress in the era of Jim Crow. Though he originally agreed with the address, these points and further criticisms of Washington’s program are what W.E.B. Du Bois wrote about in The Souls of Black Folk; this publication would forever put him in intellectual opposition to Washington. In order to understand the differing impacts of the writings by Washington and Du Bois, it is necessary to understand the stage onto which these major players entered. Jacqueline Moore notes the rise of minstrel shows and blackface in the mid 1800’s propagated racial stereotypes that African-Americans were â€Å"lazy, dishonest, and lacking mental capacity for anything beyond manual labor† (4). In 1859, Charles Darwin published On the Origin of Species, which gave rise to â€Å"Social Darwinism†. Social Darwinism was a theory in the social sciences that believed Western European races were the ideal and therefore the degree of difference between any race from that ideal, was directly proportional to that race’s inferiority (Moore, 3). This belief was further reinforced by the pseudo-scientific evaluation of African facial features that was being conducted at the time (see fig. 1). These studies gave a scientific basis and excuse for racism. Fig. 1. Sketches from an 1854 study wherein a caricatured Negro male is compared to the Greek ideal and to a primate from: Nott, Josiah Clark. Types of Mankind. Agassiz, Louis, et. al., pp. 458, Lippincott, Grambo, Co., 1 Apr. 1854. The end of the Reconstruction Era and the withdrawal of federal troops from the South saw a drastic increase in voter fraud, intimidation, and violence at the polls, targeting African American voters (see fig. 2). All of these, combined with the South’s economic hardships in the Post-Reconstruction Era, and the rise of the Ku Klux Klan, culminated in the time period that historian Rayford Logan, who has written extensively on African-American history and race relations, describes as the nadir of African-American history. Fig. 2. Political cartoon showing intimidation at the polls from: Frost, A.B.. â€Å"Of Course He Wants to Vote the Democratic Ticket.† Harpers Weekly, 21 October 1876, dcc.newberry.org/items/of-course-he-wants-to-vote-the-democratic-ticket. According to Logan, the decade between 1890 and 1900 was marked by over two thousand documented lynchings (informal public executions by mobs that bypass due process). These lynchings were brutal affairs, often involving torture of the victims, distribution of dismembered body parts as souvenirs to spectators, and widespread circulation of photographs of the killings or effigies thereof (see fig. 3). Fig. 3. A Ku Klux Klan effigy being lynched , used to intimidate potential black voters from: Unknown Source circa 1920s. These events sent a political message of white supremacy and black powerlessness in a way that is equatable to systematic political terrorism. This message was not just the angry cry of white men, but was in fact backed by state legislature. By 1908, ten out of eleven Southern states ratified new constitutions and amendments to disenfranchise African-American voters in an attempt to counteract the 15th Amendment adopted in 1870. Du Bois said of this time period, â€Å"The Nation has not yet found peace from its sins; the freedman has not yet found in freedom his promised land.† This is the social climate in which Washington and Du Bois both gained prominence and developed their divergent viewpoints. In an interview conducted before his death in 1963, Du Bois acknowledged that the differences in philosophies were probably due in large part to the differences in their upbringing and development (McGill). Booker T. Washington was born into slavery on a Virginia plantation in approximately 1856. After the emancipation proclamation, he and his family joined his step-father, a freedman who escaped slavery during the civil war, in West Virginia. As a young boy, Washington, like his step-father, worked in coal and salt mines. After work, he walked great distances to go to school and painstakingly learned to read and write. It is this time period that may have shaped his philosophy that hard work would lead to economic success, and thereafter political power would be earned and given freely. After common school, Washington attended Hampton Institute, a school established to educate freedmen and their descendants, before being recommended to be principal and founder of Tuskegee Institute. W.E.B. Du Bois on the other hand, was born to free, land-owning parents, post emancipation in 1868. He had access to greater privileges from the start. He attended the local integrated public school, earned a bachelor’s degree from Fisk University and from Harvard. He did graduate studies at the University of Berlin with some of the top social scientists of the times, and went on to be the first black man to obtain a Ph.D. from Harvard in 1985, the same year Washington would give his Atlanta Exposition speech. Fig. 4. Letter from W.E.B. Dubois to Booker T. Washington congratulating Washington on his Atlanta Exposition Speech from: Booker T. Washington Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, (003.00.00) Digital ID # na0003, 24 Sept. 1895, loc.gov/exhibits/naacp/prelude.html At this time, Du Bois’ ideology was not yet crystallized. He originally approved and congratulated Washington on his address, calling it â€Å"a word fitly spoken† (see fig. 4). However, several events influenced his change in views between 1895 and 1903 when he would publish his collection of essays directly in contrast with Washington’s program. One such event which Du Bois recalled vividly in the interview with McGill was when he saw a recently-lynched Negro’s drying fingers on display in front of a grocery store. He found it difficult to reconcile the importance of patience in matters of social equality while such atrocities were regularly being committed against his people (McGill). In 1901, Washington published his own auto-biography in which he recalled his ascension as a political leader, as well as reconfirmed the beliefs he had established six years prior. Du Bois said, â€Å"I realized the need for what Washington was doing. Yet it seemed to me he was giving up essential ground that would be hard to win back and Du Bois soon became a counterweight to the rhetoric coming from Tuskegee (McGill). Washington preached self-help and believed that the cultivation of the virtues of patience, enterprise, and thrift would win the respect of whites. He urged acceptance of social segregation and the disenfranchisement of black voters in favor of economic growth, asking each member of his race to â€Å"Cast down [their] bucket where [they] are.† He asked whites to do the same, but one popular interpretation came to be that he promised his race would work meekly under white oppression as they had done as slaves in the past: Cast down your bucket where you are. Cast it down among the eight millions of Negroes whose habits you know, whose fidelity and love you have tested . . . among these people who have, without strikes and labour wars, tilled your fields, cleared your forests, builded your railroads and cities . . . helped make possible this magnificent representation of the progress of the South. Cast down your bucket among my people, helping and encouraging them . . . to education of head, hand, and heart, you will find that they will buy your surplus land, make blossom the waste places in your fields, and run your factories . . . as in the past, you and your families will be surrounded by the most patient, faithful, law-abiding, and unresentful people that the world has seen. As we have proved our loyalty to you in the past, nursing your children, watching by the sick-bed of your mothers and fathers, and often following them with tear-dimmed eyes to their graves, so in the future, in our humble way, we shall stand by you with a devotion that no foreigner can approach, ready to lay down our lives, if need be, in defence of yours, interlacing our industrial, commercial, civil, and religious life with yours . . . In all things that are purely social we can be as separate as the fingers, yet one as the hand in all things essential to mutual progress.Booker T. Washington in UpfromSlavery Washington also wrote in his autobiography, â€Å"I believe that in the South we are confronted with peculiar conditions that justify the protection of the ballot in many of the states†¦ either by an educational test, a property test, or by both combined†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This confirmed not only his acquiescence of voting rights, but his endorsement of disenfranchisement. According to Du Bois, â€Å"It startled the nation to hear a Negro advocating such a programme after many decades of bitter complaint; it startled and won the applause of the South, it interested and won the admiration of the North; and after a confused murmur of protest, it silenced if it did not convert the Negroes themselves.† While he had many criticisms, W.E.B. Du Bois did not disagree with Washington’s program entirely. He did not advocate on opposition to industrial training, but in addition to it: To be really true, all these ideals must be melted and welded into one. The training of the schools we need to-day more than ever,- the training of deft hands, quick eyes and ears, and above all the broader, deeper, higher culture of gifted minds and pure hearts. The power of the ballot we need in sheer self-defence,- else what shall save us from a second slavery? Freedom, too, the long-sought, we still seek,- the freedom of life and limb, the freedom to work and think, the freedom to love and aspire. Work, culture, liberty,- all these we need, not singly but together, not successively but together. . .W.E.B. Du Bois in TheSoulsofBlackFolk He had hoped for a future in which both races could come together and it would be â€Å"possible to be both a Negro and an American, without being cursed and spit upon by his fellows, without having the doors of Opportunity closed roughly in his face,† and without either race being subsumed by the other (Du Bois). Du Bois did however take issue with the fact that his race had not chosen Washington as their spokesperson and that â€Å"by national opinion, the Negroes began to recognize Mr. Washington’s leadership; and the voice of national criticism was hushed.† (Du Bois). Washington had been selected by white political leaders and presented to a mixed-race audience as â€Å"a representative of Negro enterprise and Negro civilization† (Washington). Du Bois asserts, â€Å"If the best of American Negroes receive by outer pressure a leader whom they had not recognized before†¦ there is irreparable loss – a loss of that peculiarly valuable education which a group receives when by search and criticism it finds and commissions its own leaders.† Du Bois also saw that fulfilling the promises of emancipation meant a grab for political power and necessitated political agitation and organized protest, which Washington had called â€Å"the greatest folly.† According to Du Bois, â€Å"The ideal of liberty demanded for its attainment powerful means, and these the 15th Amendment gave [us]. The ballot†¦ [should] now be regarded as the chief means of gaining and perfecting the liberty with which the war had partially endowed him.† Du Bois sought to counteract Washington’s call for acceptance, saying, â€Å"By every civilized and peaceful method we must strive for the rights which the world accords to men, clinging unwaveringly to these great words which the sons of the Fathers would fain forget: ‘We hold these truths to be self evident: that all men are created equal’†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Abolitionists throughout the country were equally divided. In his article chronicaling the relationship between Du Bois and Washington, Thomas Aiello notes, black critics. . . saw Washington’s Compromise as a slippery slope that would cause more problems than it could ever hope to solve (51). Unfortunately, while Washington had the best of intentions, his program helped sustain the ethos of Jim Crow America. Washington believed that white southerners had an objection to amoral or illiterate black people having the right to vote or rising above their means, and he believed that rectifying these things would mean an end of racism. In reality, the white population had an existential objection to black people, not because of a lack of education or financial success and autonomy. Washington had misplaced his faith in the white people of his time, believing â€Å"No race that has anything to contribute to the markets of the world is long in any degree ostracized.† (Washington) Whites in that era did not uphold their end of the compromise, but instead, burned down schools and churches and targeted black middle and working classes. Du Bois wrote in The Souls of Black Folk that â€Å"[Washington’s] doctrine has tended to make the whites, North and South, shift the burden of the Negro Problem to the Negro’s shoulders†¦ when in fact the burden belongs to the nation, and t he hands of none of us are clean if we bend not our energies to righting these great wrongs.† Despite this, some good did come from the divide in beliefs. Opposition to Washington’s acceptance of segregation resulted in the formation of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and the Niagara Movement; W.E.B. Du Bois was heavily involved with starting both, and the former is still active today. While Washington’s racial philosophy died with him, his economic policies are still relevant and Du Bois’ philosophy of agitation and civil protest flowed directly into 1960’s civil rights movement. The United States itself has come a long way; nine-year-old Jeremiah Harvey, who was accused by a white woman of sexual assault when his backpack brushed up against her in a store, did not become a second Emmett Till. There is still far to go however, and as Du Bois once said, â€Å"either the U.S. will destroy ignorance, or ignorance will destroy the U.S.† Aiello, Thomas. â€Å"The First Fissure: The Du Bois-Washington Relationship from 1898-1899.† Phylon (1960-), vol. 51, no. 1, 2014, pp. 76–87. JSTOR, jstor.org/stable/43199122. Bauerlein, Mark. â€Å"Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois: The Origins of a Bitter Intellectual Battle.† The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, No. 46 (winter, 2004 2005), pp. 106-114. The JBHE Foundation Inc., jstor.org/stable/4133693 Biography.com Editors. â€Å"W.E.B. Du Bois Rivalry with Booker T. Washington.† Youtube, AE Television Networks, 29 Jan. 2013, youtube.com/watch?v=NnVt9RvN548. Coates, Ta-Nehisi. â€Å"The Tragedy and Betrayal Of Booker T. Washington.† The Atlantic, The Atlantic Monthly Group, 31 Mar. 2009, theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2009/03/the-tragedy-and-betrayal-of-booker-t-washington/7092/. Du Bois, W.E.B.. The Souls of Black Folk. 1903, Project Gutenberg, #408, gutenberg.org/files/408/408-h/408-h.htm. Gates, Henry Louis. â€Å"The Debate Between W.E.B. Du Bois and Booker T. Washington.† Frontline, Public Broadcasting Service, 10 Feb. 1998, pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/article/debate-w-e-b-du-bois-and-booker-t-washington/. History.com Editors. â€Å"Booker T. Washington.† History, AE Television Networks, 12 Sept. 2018, history.com/topics/black history/booker-t-washington. Logan, Rayford Whittingham. The Betrayal of the Negro, from Rutherford B. Hayes to Woodrow Wilson. Reprint ed., Da Capo Press, 1997. McGill, Ralph. â€Å"W.E.B. Du Bois.†The Atlantic Monthly, Nov. 1965, pp. 78–81, theatlantic.com/past/docs/unbound/flashbks/black/mcgillbh.htm. Accessed 25 Feb. 2019. Moore, Jacqueline M.Booker T. Washington, W.E.B. Du Bois, and the Struggle for Racial Uplift. Vol. 1, Scholarly Resources Inc., 2003. Washington, Booker T. Up from Slavery: An Autobiography. 1901, Project Gutenberg, #2376, gutenberg.org/files/2376/2376-h/2376-h.htm.

The stereotyping of Native Americans within commerce Essay

The stereotyping of Native Americans within commerce - Essay Example 338) apart from the patent medicine packages which featured the â€Å"coppery, feather-topped visage of the Indian† butter boxes depict the doe-eyed, buckskinclad Indian ``princess.’’ The American Indian, and that which popular culture has determined that he/she represent, has been exploited within the context of commerce and commercial advertising for close to a century with the purpose being the purveyance of specified messages regarding the company or the brand in question. Following an overview of the commercialisation of the American Indian image, two case studies of corporate/brand use, of the American Indian image shall be analysed. The commercialisation of the Native American image, or figure, is both pervasive and expansive in scope, embracing all of the noble savage and the â€Å"mystical environmentalists or uneducated, alcoholic bingo-players confined to reservations’’ (Mihesuah, 1996, p. 9). All one need to conform the validity of the aforementioned assertion is visit their nearest grocery and attempt to quantify the sheer number of products, ice cream, alcohol, cigarettes, canned vegetables, baking powder, honey and butter, to name but a few, on which the image of the American Indian is emblazoned. Remarking upon the stated, Aaker and Biel (1993) maintain that the commercialisation of the American Indian image is largely predicated on the assumption that these images will evoke such romanticised conceptualisation of a world gone by that not only will consumers be attracted to the brand in question but they will associate it wit organic wholeness and strength/durability, among others, and t he company in question with environmentalism and corporate social responsibility. Hence, Jeep Cherokee adopts the Washington Redskin logo as a means of communicating durability and the capacity to traverse harsh terrains unscathed, while Land O’Lakes butter and (family) food products display the image of an Indian princess as a means of

Conceptual Design Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Conceptual Design - Coursework Example Lateral stability in the building is achieved by the use of a framed structure as shown in figure 3. A frame structure makes the building become capable of evenly directing all the loads of the foundation without causing stress at one point of the building more than the other. The foamed structure is such that the slab is placed on top of the beams which form the walls. The total force is from the upper rooms of the story is thus efficiently transferred downwards. Notably, the slab is also constructed by spanning it along the shorter side so as to increase length stability. This technique has the advantage of reducing the total number of beams and columns that are needed in the construction of the building and at the same time while maintaining a stable structure. Each beam is scanned at a length of 4 meters. This is cheaper and very affordable in terms of the bars used. Any design is only viable once tests done on it can prove its authenticity and applicability. Testing for the feas ibility of the member positions used in the design can be done by the use of preliminary sizing exercise for the main structural elements of the building. As shown in figure 6 and 7, the desired measurements for the slab, beam and wall are 150, 300 and 200 respectively. The column is designed with an approximate size of 300 rising up to about 4000.Often conceptual analysis is a precise procedure which has most of the details embedded in the diagrams used in the explanation.